Showing posts with label architectural history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label architectural history. Show all posts

11/08/2011

Sex and the Gender Revolution, Volume 1: Heterosexuality and the Third Gender in Enlightenment London (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society) Review

Sex and the Gender Revolution, Volume 1: Heterosexuality and the Third Gender in Enlightenment London (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society)
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"Sex and the Gender Revolution" is superb on in its well-argued synthesis of voluminous archival sources.
The posted review from "Booklist" ***mistakenly*** assumes that Professor Trumbach fails to perform a synthesis of the evidence in this dazzlingly authoritative book.
I don't know how anyone in their right mind could come to such a conclusion after seriously and carefully reading this book. (The word "careful" will come up again in my review as I believe this is what is lacking in many people's examination of deep scholarship such as this book.)

The "Booklist" reviewer also makes a curious claim about empiricism. Ha! In an age where newer modes of scholarship about gender and sexuality often retreats into theoretical claims without firsthand evidence and primary sources; in an age of where these newer modes are often more about polemics than syntheses of specific evidence, we surely need Professor Trumbach's (I do not know him) far-reaching arguments *about* his evidence.
This book is the first in a series that treats the same topic: that is, the furious cross-institutional resistance to rising compulsory heterosexuality in 18th century (etc.) London--a resistance informed by previous bouts of sexual diversity among men, women, young boys, and so forth; a resistance contested by even more rising male dominance and violence towards women.
May I suggest that the definitive review of this book is Deborah Valenze's careful discussion in the Winter 2000 edition of the Journal of Social History.
A careful and generous reader will realize right away the extreme value of Professor Trumbach's excavation for generations to come.

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A revolution in gender relations occurred in London around 1700, resulting in a sexual system that endured in many aspects until the sexual revolution of the 1960s. For the first time in European history, there emerged three genders: men, women, and a third gender of adult effeminate sodomites, or homosexuals. This third gender had radical consequences for the sexual lives of most men and women since it promoted an opposing ideal of exclusive heterosexuality.In Sex and the Gender Revolution, Randolph Trumbach reconstructs the worlds of eighteenth-century prostitution, illegitimacy, sexual violence, and adultery. In those worlds the majority of men became heterosexuals by avoiding sodomy and sodomite behavior.As men defined themselves more and more as heterosexuals, women generally experienced the new male heterosexuality as its victims. But women--as prostitutes, seduced servants, remarrying widows, and adulterous wives-- also pursued passion. The seamy sexual underworld of extramarital behavior was central not only to the sexual lives of men and women, but to the very existence of marriage, the family, domesticity, and romantic love. London emerges as not only a geographical site but as an actor in its own right, mapping out domains where patriarchy, heterosexuality, domesticity, and female resistance take vivid form in our imaginations and senses.As comprehensive and authoritative as it is eloquent and provocative, this book will become an indispensable study for social and cultural historians and delightful reading for anyone interested in taking a close look at sex and gender in eighteenth-century London.

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7/18/2011

Hampton Court: A Social and Architectural History Review

Hampton Court: A Social and Architectural History
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I have to admit a weakness for coffee-table books about palaces, stately homes etc, but this sumptuous, oversize volume is among the better ones of the genre. It is a detailed history of Hampton Court Palace - its origins, construction, additions, renovations, decoration and gardens, but also it touches on the lives and motivations of its people - builders and architects, kings and princes, bureaucrats and functionaries, tenants and visitors.
Richly illustrated with floor plans, drawings, paintings, prints, portraits, and photographs, this account of Hampton Court brings the story of the famous palace up to the 21st century.
When I last visited Hampton Court a quarter century ago, both house and gardens were looking decidedly shabby and, apparently, it got much worse before it got better. Tourists were passing it up in droves. Scandalous mismanagement, including a 3 million pound contractor fraud, dismantled fire detectors and gateways too narrow for fire engines, led up to a disastrous fire in 1986 and resulted in 2 deaths.
Although this is a serious work, one (unintentionally?) hilarious episode described in the book is the comic-opera visit to view the fire damage by the then Secretary of State for the Environment (& the man ultimately responsible for Hampton Court), Nicolas Ridley. Ridley, a chain smoker, his wife who was claustrophobic and ten other dignitaries were descending in the lift when it jammed between floors; the emergency manual door-opening device failed to function; the elevator maintenance man could not be located. Two hours later the Fire Brigade forced the doors open with a hydraulic jack. Heads rolled afterward - if only metaphorically.
New schemes have since been put in place for restoration and refurbishment, for improved property management and to enhance the attractions of the historic old palace for new generations of visitors.

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Hampton Court-probably Britain's most important secular historicbuilding complex-was a center of court life and politics from the latefifteenth to the middle of the eighteenth century. It was also a placeof architectural innovation and the site of the most ambitious formalgardens ever built in Britain. This book offers the first history inover a century of Hampton Court, its gardens, and its parks. Lavishlyillustrated, the book brings to life the entire history of thebuilding, including the terrible fire of 1986 and thetwentieth-century opening of the complex to the public. Simon Thurley,the unrivalled authority on Hampton Court's architecture, interiordecoration, and history, sets the building in political and socialcontext. He explores the lives and motivations of its builders,telling the stories of the architects and others who fulfilled thewhims of kings and princes. In addition to throwing light on thecharacter of court life, the book makes important new attributions toarchitects Hugh May, Nicholas Hawksmoor, William Talman, ColenCampbell, Edward Blore, and others.

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